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The Essence of Kumbh Melā and Cultural Understanding

A morning discourse on the cultural and spiritual significance of the Kumbh Melā.

"Kumbh Melā originally was a meeting of intellectual people. It meant speaking about humanity, dharma, culture, ethics, spiritual principles."

"The tradition of the Kumbh Melā, as well as the Nāgabābā, is highly respected and seen as renunciation."

Swami Satyananda Saraswati addresses the assembly, explaining the deep symbolism of the Kumbh Melā's rivers and its original purpose as a gathering of learned sages. He defends the Nāgabābā tradition against sensationalist media portrayals, framing their renunciation as a historical, protective force. The talk broadens into a plea for cross-cultural understanding, using examples from global indigenous cultures to argue against judging differing ways of life.

Filming locations: To be determined.

Good morning and blessings to all. Yesterday, many friends, students, and bhaktas worked scientifically on the system of Yoga in their life. They were doctors—mostly medical doctors—psychologists, physiotherapists, and many experts in particular medical fields. One could see that with great love and interest, they were preparing and researching the science of yoga in their life. We have to continue to practice for our own benefit and for the benefit of others. Many of you were at the Kumbh Melā; many came and many did not, but you have seen through our videos and media. There are many stories about Kumbh Melā: about the churning of the ocean and the struggle for immortality, and the merging of three rivers together—the Saṅgam of Gaṅgā, Yamunā, and Sarasvatī. If we compare this with our human body, these three nāḍīs—Iḍā, Piṅgalā, and Suṣumnā—represent these three rivers. Their meeting point is at the Ājñā Cakra, Bhrūmadhya, the center of the eyebrows. Within everyone, there are two kinds of qualities: negative and positive. Both forces would like to be the winner. It is not easy to get rid of negative habits and negative qualities: ego, jealousy, hatred, greed. On the other side are kindness, love, and understanding. Human life is a struggle for immortality and liberation. This has external symbols as well as deep significance. You saw many videos mostly showing the Nāgabābās. They showed them smoking something, sitting near a fire, and so on. The media does not know how to capture the attention of the people properly. There were thousands of things different from only the Nāgabābā, but this focus is psychologically understandable. If some people go to an FKK area, everybody will take photos. FKK means free body culture, developed by Germans. There are many beaches with special places only for people called FKK, where they are allowed only if completely naked, regardless of gender. They all go there, but nobody looks at anyone; it became natural. But if among all of us, one person were to undress, we would all look. So, it does not matter if it is male or female. The story of the Nāgabābā was not like this, nor is the background thinking of FKK what people assume. Those people do not have negative thoughts; they just wish to feel their body as it is, as they were born. When you were born, every one of us was a Nāgabābā. So what is wrong? Sometimes people think, "Oh God, what is this?" Yet when you go to the bathroom, you also take your dress off and look in the mirror. It depends on how we think, and only humans do this. Animals do not think; they take it as nature. There was a time when some negative elements wanted to destroy religion and countries. At that time, everything was guarded and taken care of by the sādhus. They went to protect the borders; even in war, they went to fight. The background of the Nāgabābā tradition was this: do not care about your dress. Where there is an emergency, just go and help as you are—no time to dress. Renounce everything, even your body, for the sake of protecting humanity, creatures, and the environment. They used fire for warming the body, and if you put ash on your body, it acts like a kind of cloth that keeps you warm. From a hygienic viewpoint, ash is very clean. At that time, there was a large army of what you call Nāgabābās, supported by kings. They had thousands of horses and elephants and were highly respected. From this point of view, Christianity developed what is called the Salvation Army. But the Salvation Army is not FKK. So it is not negative, but the way the media shows it suddenly makes people think, "Oh, India is only indigenous, jungly people who have nothing." Every day, showing the same thing was boring for the media. Once, a tent was burning, and all the media ran to see it. For two days, they only saw "a big fire in the Kumbh Melā." Or when some European came, they said, "Oh, even Europeans are coming to Kumbh Melā." Media needs something temptational. But the tradition of the Kumbh Melā, as well as the Nāgabābā, is highly respected and seen as renunciation. When many are in this state, they are joyful and happy. For the media, it becomes more interesting when a Westerner comes and sits with a Nāgabābā and has a chillum. They think they are all smoking hashish. Sometimes the cameraman forces them, "Please, can we make a video? Do it." Kumbh Melā originally was a meeting of intellectual people. It meant speaking about humanity, dharma, culture, ethics, spiritual principles, the protection of the environment, and what to give for spiritual life. This was a meeting point of the learned people, called the ṛṣis and yogīs, who were followed by their followers. It was like a battalion in the army, but not in an aggressive way; it was possible to protect everyone. Simultaneously, it was a cultural meeting. At that time, there was no transportation like trains, cars, or airplanes. For some, it took half a year to reach the Kumbh Melā. People did not know if a person would come back. There was no clear landscape, so it was hard to find the way. It was a great meeting—the nectar of wisdom to bring to the people. Of course, everyone would like to keep their tradition and culture. If you go to Africa, they have their culture. In many places in the jungle, everyone walks naked. By birth, it is their culture, so Africans do not look if a man or woman is coming naked. But if we, the so-called civilized ones, see someone naked, we look. That is something new for us. You go to Australia to the Aboriginal people, or to the Māori, or to the Fijian people, the Hawaiians. In many countries, and then we come to Europe. Look to the Neanderthals. This is Brno, and this area where the Neanderthal people were living—what you call Mikulov—was their meeting place, like a Kumbh Melā. They all had their people. They were also without dress, with only some animal skin; it is a development. In Dusseldorf, Germany, there is a beautiful, big Neanderthal museum showing the different states of their civilization and how they lived. Many people like to live according to old systems, like the American Indians. Now, the United Nations and every government would like to protect those indigenous cultures because they are happy living according to their culture. Therefore, the Kumbh Melā was there to respect all cultures, everyone's way of living, and in that way, they are spiritual themselves. You saw many different kinds of sādhus and humans. There were thousands of people from Western countries, the Middle East, China, Korea, and Japan. Now, the Kumbh Melā has become the world's Melā, and very soon it will be declared a World Heritage Site. It depends on which kind of thinking you go there with and what you would like to represent. That's it. It is different things, a different way of living. I was once in an Arabic country with Anička Golovičová, Pavel Sklenář, and his wife. We went to an oasis; the people were very good and kind, and we were talking. At the end, I invited one nice person, saying, "Welcome, if you come to Europe, please come to Vienna. I will be happy to have you as my guest." He said, "If you invite me to India, I will come, but not to Europe." I asked why. He said because the men are not capable of feeding their wives, and the wife has to work and go in the street. The men are not men anymore, and poor ladies have to go to work. You see what their way of thinking is. He didn't mean anything bad; it is their culture. They work very hard and give whatever they earn to their wife, and the ladies are happy. Sometimes media shows women's torture, making others think crazily about them. Otherwise, in the Middle East, Islamic countries have a very high culture. They respect women very much; they are very protected. They try to keep the dignity of the feminine world, but you do not see all that. You see only some similar things, a little bit. This is how people try to provoke anger and hate toward other cultures. They have their cultures; we should not change them. In Europe, it was the same. Where you are living, 200 years ago, when a son was born, they said, "Oh, I got a son." If asked if your daughter gave birth, they said, "Yes, but a daughter." I do not know what they have against daughters. Every woman is a great divine symbol of the mother. But this was the people's way of thinking. We cannot blame; we should not see only the negative. It has its sense in it, something. Mostly it was this: the son will keep the family name, and the daughter will go to some other husband. That's all. So the Kumbh Melā is a melā of the meeting of spirituality, multi-culture, development, and protection for society, where there was manan—thinking over what problems are out there and how we can solve them in a spiritual way, not through fighting. It was nice to be in the Kumbh Melā with you. I wish you all the best, and God bless you. Śrīdīp Nayan Bhagavān Kī, Deveśvar Mahādev, Mādhav Kṛṣṇa Bhagavān Kī, Sanātana Dharma Kī, Om Śānti, Śānti, Śānti. Gajanandjī Mahārāj Kī.

This text is transcribed and grammar corrected by AI. If in doubt what was actually said in the recording, use the transcript to double click the desired cue. This will position the recording in most cases just before the sentence is uttered.

The text contains hyperlinks in bold to three authoritative books on yoga, written by humans, to clarify the context of the lecture:

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