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Three Doshas In Ayurveda

Understanding the three doṣas—Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha—is essential to Āyurvedic physiology.

Doṣas are the three pillars enabling smooth body-mind functioning. At fertilization, the individual constitution or prakṛti is fixed, determined by the dominance of one or more doṣas. Vāta, composed of air and space, is light, dry, and mobile, seated in the pelvis, intestines, skin, and ears. Imbalanced Vāta manifests as dry skin, insomnia, restlessness, and poor digestion. Balancing requires warm, oily, sweet, salty, and sour foods, regular meals, adequate sleep, yoga, meditation, and soothing music. Pitta, primarily fire with water, governs body temperature and willpower, centered in the stomach, skin, and eyes. Its aggravation causes diarrhea, inflammation, anger, and burning sensations. Cooling foods like ghee, milk, and sweet fruits, along with bitter and astringent tastes, restore balance. Kapha, formed from earth and water, is stable and moist; excess leads to sluggishness, coldness, and weight gain. Regular yoga, meditation, and increasing sattva counteract Kapha lethargy. A simple remedy for Vāta and Kapha is drinking hot water boiled to varying concentrations. For Vāta, boil one liter to three-quarters; for Pitta, to half; for Kapha, to one-quarter, sipping throughout the day. Ginger tea relieves cough, ajwain tea aids indigestion, and coriander-cumin water soothes urinary heat. Balanced living, proper diet, and harmonious routines maintain doṣic equilibrium. Spiritual practice, especially bhajan singing, further pacifies the doṣas by transforming mental energy.

"All doṣas are always present in every entity. All three are present, but one or two are always dominant. And this makes the individuality."

"One of the main items is also to satisfy the senses, so if we live with satisfied senses, then we stay always in balance."

Hari Om and good morning, everybody. Thank you very much for coming to the lecture which Swāmījī announced yesterday. I am very happy to speak about the topic of Āyurveda, and we should speak something about doṣas. So, to jump into the middle of the topic, I think it would be good to explain first in what context doṣa should be mentioned. Doṣa is a part of Āyurvedic physiology. It is called in Sanskrit, Śarīra, and the whole physiology has, of course, several topics, or parts. It is doṣa first, then agni, the digestive power, then dhātus, the body tissues. The tissues, the waste products, the constitution, the vital parts, the marmas, the srotas or the body channels, and the digestion are themselves. Pañcāna, and also Ātmā and mind, and this all belongs to Āyurvedic physiology. Now we go to the detail and describe the doṣas. Doṣas are three pillars which make the smooth functioning of the body and mind possible. The names of the doṣas are Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha. Honestly said, Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha. And they are related to the five elements. In the moment when fertilization occurs, when semen and ovum come together and a child develops, in this moment the prakṛti, the constitution and the system of the doṣa, is determined. And this remains life-long the same. That means our ground constitution, our prakṛti is individual. It can be understood clearly if we say that all doṣas are always present in every entity. All three are present, but one or two are always dominant. And this makes the individuality. So it can be a Vāta constitution, Pitta constitution, Kapha constitution. Or also mixtures, like Vāta-Pitta, Vāta-Kapha. This is a special science which can be determined only by a physician properly, and this is very difficult. But we can understand our own nature better when we know a little bit more about the doṣas. We spoke about elements and the combination of elements. Vāta is mainly a combination of air and space. So if we remember the qualities of air and space, we have a special vision about that. And this is also determined in the so-called guṇas, in the qualities. So, how is air? How can we describe air? It is light, it is transparent, it is movable, it is dry. And it has special main seats in the body. Vāta is in the physical body, present in special seats, sites. It’s in the pelvic column, in the intestine, in the thick part of the intestine. In the whole pelvis. In the lower limbs, in the skin, in the head, and in the ear. So, if we always live a balanced life according to nature, a regular life, eat food in the correct quantity, in the right amount, as I said, according to the rules of nature, then we have our profession, which we... like, which we love, where we have our regular rest and our leisure time. One of the main items is also to satisfy the senses, so if we live with satisfied senses, then we stay always in balance. But who can do that nowadays? This is the big secret, but we have a solution: Yoga in Daily Life. Yes. And how can we see if our Vāta doṣa is out of balance? We can get it. It is seen, for instance, in a dry, itching skin. The whole Vāta doṣa is also responsible for all types of movements in the body. So the whole metabolism is due to Vāta and Pitta. Also, the delivery, the birth giving. Also, the speech, the speech, it is the seat of the Vāta, the speaking, also the ear, as we said. So if we have problems in the metabolism, we know it can be a problem from the Vāta doṣa side. When we suffer from dry and itching skin, it can be Vāta. When we suffer from insomnia and cannot sleep well, it can be due to Vāta disturbance. And the disturbance is meant in this sense, too much. Because it can also be a disturbance when it is not enough. So, these symptoms are seen due to too much Vāta. One can also see that people who have Vāta dominance cannot tolerate noise. So if these symptoms are seen, one can think, "Okay, I have to do something to balance my Vāta." So, what to do to balance Vāta? As we know, before the guṇas are dry and cold and all that, it is good to have more liquid food, more oily food. The tastes which Vāta likes are sweet, salty, and sour. But sweet in the right sense, of course, not avoid sweet completely because it is said it is not good. The poor sweet taste is there. But we should choose the food items which have the sweet quality. Like fresh fruits, ripe fresh fruits, all the grains, all types of grains, rice, milk—milk is a known topic. Many people think nowadays milk is not good to drink because of the well-treated animals. This is a true point; this is really true. In general, milk is a very important rasāyana, a rejuvenating food item. Milk is also nourishing all the body tissues, but it should be consumed in a very little amount. If the milk is not digested or tolerated well, then it can be used with spices or diluted with water, but only a little, little amount. And the other thing is how to come to good milk is maybe to give an input to the farmers, so that they again produce healthy milk without all these pharmacies and all these poor treatments of the farmers. In the hands of the poor animals, this is the axis. How can we get to healthy milk? However, this is the main question. Perhaps by giving a signal to the animal keepers that they should keep the animals differently, that they should not be treated so harshly, and that they should avoid the merciless way of mourning. And so perhaps we can get closer to this. The sugar is allowed, but in small, small quantity. So, how do I find out that I eat in the right amount and with the right quality? It can only happen through regularity. People who suffer from Vāta imbalance should not fast. They should not quit one meal, except on the fasting day of yoga, when we quit one meal. And when we eat regularly, have a breakfast, have a small proper lunch, and have a dinner between 6 and 7, then we don’t come to this greediness, and we can estimate our bowl capacity properly. Because eating is also a conditioning, which is how we learn it. We can learn not to eat and understand the feeling of hunger as something completely normal. But this is imbalance. So, regular food, well-cooked food, proper food, healthy food from healthy nature, taken as food, the fruits and all that. The second exit for balancing Vāta is also the behavior. What does it mean to have proper behavior in this sense? Again, follow the laws of nature. Get enough sleep. Go to bed at the right time. Get up in the morning at the right time. Do the exercises in an adjusted manner. So for Vāta people who have come out of balance, yoga is very important. Imbalances of Vāta also cause restlessness, many thoughts, and jumping here and there. So we have a natural desire also for peace. But due to this conditioning of our previous lifestyle, many do not know what the correct way is. So, we again have to condition. Condition yourself through regular meditation and āsanas at the right time, always at the same time. Also, the prāṇāyāma has a very strong effect on the nervous system, which is also related to the Vāta doṣa. A pacified Vāta doṣa has a pacifying effect on the digestion. Because stress immediately goes to the liver function. And from there, again, the circle starts with imbalance. Yes, the right behavior, music, because one of the main seeds of Vāta is the ear. One can also pacify Vāta doṣa through peaceful music, and the Aum voice is one of the best vibrations for the Vāta doṣa. That means bhajan singing. Or any type, classical music, Indian classical music. Indian classical music is very much researched in this field because of rāgas and all that. They have a lot of knowledge about healing music. But any music which one likes and which helps to cool down, to pacify, this is good. And of course, the third possibility to pacify imbalance is through medicine. Herbal medicine, which has the opposite elements of the imbalanced doṣa. So, this is a topic for pharmacists. Second doṣa is Pitta doṣa. Pitta is mainly connected to the fire element. And also to water. And what is the fire element standing for in our body? For the temperature in our body, and also for the willpower. For the willpower. And the seat is also in the skin. In the stomach, a hasban. Because of the digestive fire, one of the seats is also in the eye. So if there are imbalances of the Pitta doṣa, it can be with the digestion again. In Vāta it is more constipation, but in Pitta it is more diarrhea. And it is seen in yellowish skin also. Also, the stools are yellowish. If there is imbalance, then there can be inflammation in the body, and especially in the skin. And all types of burning sensations. This is a sign of... and if you... The eyesight is also related, so if the eyesight becomes little... It can be the reason behind anger. It can be. So, how to balance again? Again, yoga and daily life. Because regularity and exercises according to the personal constitution are always a sattvic thing, and this is always, from sattva we can never get enough. And that is for Pitta people who are imbalanced; they have a strong desire for cool things, cool food items and drinks, cold things. And again, the music, and one of the best remedies for Pitta is ghee. Pitta has fire as a main element, and ghee has earth and water as main elements. So it’s the opposite, and this is balancing. The taste which Pitta likes is sweet. Pitta, Pitta is astringent and keserű, so sweet we know, milk, ghee for instance, and sweet fruits, this is what Pitta likes. Keserű és fanyar ételt, Pitta is all types of leafy vegetables, az összes leveles zöldséget, and herbs, herbal tea and all that. And astringent is, for instance, there is a herb which is called saliva, where you have this feeling of pomegranate or quince, this is a type of fruit which has an astringent quality. But if one eats pañca-bhautic, one says, everyday food where all the rasas, the tastes are there, then automatically one balances. So one should not only think, "Eat this, eat that." It’s important to have joy. Food should be well prepared, well arranged, tasty, in the right amount, and you should enjoy your meal. In an easy state of imbalance, it easily comes back into balance. And if you have more problems in the Pitta doṣa, which must be determined by a doctor, he will give you the special medicine for that. In the form of pills. So, and Kapha is remaining? Kapha? Kapha is strong. So, what are the elements? Earth, no? Earth and water. These are the qualities, or the guṇas, which are steady, stable, oily, and moist. The symptoms for imbalanced Kapha are cold skin, weakness, and poor digestion. This is imbalance. A strong person who has a Kapha constitution is a healthy person, but when it’s imbalanced, then it’s too much, and then comes the fat. And again, we balance our system, yoga, and daily life. Eleven kāṭupranāms every day will definitely help. And also, meditation for the motivation to overcome the dullness, the laziness. So to increase Sattva Guṇa, in all constitutions, increase Sattva Guṇa. I would like to, at the end of my lecture, speak about drinking water. Because there is one special, very easy remedy: this is hot water drinking. And this is very important for two doṣas, for the Vāta doṣa and for the Kapha doṣa. Because the qualities of these doṣas are cold. And they like drinking hot water. And there are some easy remedies, how if you really want, if you have time, and take for a certain period of time the rules of that water drinking. It will help with your special doṣa. That means one takes one liter of water and boils it until one quarter liter has evaporated. And the remaining three quarters of water should be filled in a thermos and drunk in small sips or small cups throughout the day. This is the best remedy for Vāta doṣa, for imbalanced Vāta doṣa. Because we know Vāta is dry, and it helps the digestion again. Removes the constipation. And it also removes the impurities in the bladder, in the urinary bladder. And it brings the whole Vāta, which is always jumping here and there, in the right direction. In one direction, in peace. Also, Pitta has a remedy from water. You take one liter of water, evaporate half of it, and boil it until it is evaporated, half of it. And the remaining half liter is also drunk in the same way. It also helps, as they suffer more often from diarrhea, and it helps to remove this problem. And also for Kapha, then you take one liter and let it evaporate to three quarters, so it’s very concentrated. And this is the medicated water for Kapha. They often suffer also from cold because of weak digestive power. And it removes, it helps also the digestion. Then there are some nice remedies. If you take one quarter of water and put a piece of ginger in it, boil it for a while, and drink this, it’s good against cough and cold. Removes all the slime from the throat. Good. Then, one quarter and one teaspoon of ajwain, boiled, make a tea out of it. This can be taken in case of indigestion and against flatulence. And for when there is too much heat in the body, or you have burning feelings during urination or for the whole urinary tract, it is good to soak one teaspoon of coriander and one teaspoon of cumin and let it soak for 24 hours. We also prepare it in the night and in the afternoon. Then, press the seeds a little bit and drink this water in which they were soaked. This is helpful for all disturbances in the urinary tract. So this is all I wanted to say this morning. Thank you very much for your interest and for giving me this opportunity. Hari Om. Thank you. I think now is an excellent time for singing bhajans and waiting for Swamiji. Hari Om. Hari Om. Now we hear a really nice lecture about the three doṣas. And you hear that it is for balancing doṣas, also excellent music. And especially bhajans, because during the singing of bhajans, we completely change the energy in the space, in the whole, and also in our mind. And now we will have bhajans, but during the singing of bhajans, also, if you watch a webcast, try not to listen to bhajans like a radio. Try to be active during the singing of bhajans. Not only be users with the closed eyes, but try to sing all together. If you don’t know bhajans, it doesn’t matter. Refrain, we will sing, or just give a rhythm. If you don’t give exactly perfect rhythm, what will be? Nothing. We just speak and make sound to the glory of God. Yes, and now bhajans. One minute more. Now it’s finished. I don’t know what to say. Okay, just prepare your bhajan book. And I think the best thing is to start with Gaṇeśa. Yes. Because Gaṇeśa always removes all obstacles from our life. Siddha Purījī, Siddha Purījī,... Siddha Purījī Oṁ Bhole Śrī Dīp Nārāyaṇa Bhagavān Kī Jai Thera Janama Maraṇa Oṁ Bhole Śrī Dīp Nārāyaṇa Bhagavān Kī Jai Thera Oṁ Boli Śrī Dīp Nārāyaṇa Bhagavān Kī Jai, Śrī Śrī Deveśvara Mahādeva Kī Jai, Dharma Samrāṭ Paramahaṁśrī Svāmī Madhavānandajī, Satya Guru Deva Kī Jai, Viśvaguru Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Paramahaṁśrī Svāmī Maheśvarānanda Jī, Satya Guru Deva Kī Jai, He Nata Abhāto. Oṁ bolī śrī dīp nārāyaṇa bhagavān kī jaya.

This text is transcribed and grammar corrected by AI. If in doubt what was actually said in the recording, use the transcript to double click the desired cue. This will position the recording in most cases just before the sentence is uttered.

The text contains hyperlinks in bold to three authoritative books on yoga, written by humans, to clarify the context of the lecture:

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