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Part 1: The Primacy of Practice and the Path of Love A ton of theory is nothing compared to a gram of practice. I have told, you have heard—that is all. But to accept it in life, to realize it in this human life—only we can realize it in this human life, which is a great opportunity. The problem is our laziness, our weakness, and our inability to wait. We search every day for more and different things. You should remain on one path and practice. Practice every day under the guidance of your master. Then you can achieve. Otherwise, you cannot. It is a tough job in this life. Whatever you would like to achieve requires hard work. If you do not want to achieve anything, then just live—that is all. Other creatures are also living, coming and going. Humans have a goal in their life, but in modern civilization, they fall into materialistic life. Many people, and even countries, have their target achievement—what they call economic, economical achievement. Sometimes I am very surprised listening when some minister talks about their country and their achievements in technology and economy. I do not know what to think. They speak so happily, as if it is their enlightenment, their self-realization. Very, very rarely will some leader speak about spiritual achievement. We have lost the direction. We wanted to arrive in the strawberry field. We took the way to a beautiful, ripe strawberry field, but unfortunately, we took the wrong way to the thorny bushes. Such a thorn, when you put your hand in, while going in it is a thorn, and while coming out, it is also a thorn. There are three-hook thorns. Eko, no, me. You know, it has a very good meaning. But if I tell you, my ministers will be angry with me, so better I do not tell too far. Therefore, there are rare people left in this world who will tell you about spirituality, how spirituality is developing. Kali Yuga, rūpya Rām. In Kali Yuga, money is the God. And exactly as Jesus said, "Don’t believe in those gods, believe in me." And which god? The gold, the money. The golden bull or ox, what was it? Kalb, all. As I told you, there was a radio interview, a very nice one on Austrian radio. That one monk, Jija, said that if you would like to have eternal life, "ewiges Leben," then renounce everything, give up, and go into the desert. The desert was a task. To meet in the desert, you will meet the devil, and you have to win that fight with the devil—meaning the conditions: very hot, stormy, and so on. One thing they also told was about a saint living on a rock pillar. It is said only once a year you should bathe. That I did not like very much. But maybe it is okay because every day it is raining. So you are sitting on the pillar, every day it is raining, and you are clean. Very nicely. So, spirituality, God, belief in Jesus’s words, belief in the Holy Quran, what is written, belief in Kṛṣṇa, belief in Rāma, belief in all holy saints of the world—that is the beauty of our world. But not to take this side and that side and all to my side. That is not Sanātana Dharma. That philosophy, that spirituality, that culture leads us to God, to the Divine, without discrimination of religion, culture, nation, or society. And also, no discrimination against other creatures and nature. Do not go against nature; otherwise, nature will take its revenge. Who said? You see, we are sitting in front of the internet, and you are all entering into this net. Ist das nicht so nett, dass wir alle entering in this net? Das ist wunderschön. Sehr nett. Es ist sehr nett von euch, wenn ihr ein bisschen lauter sagt. By Jadan, otherwise it looks like Swamiji is talking in the air. There is nobody sitting in the front. So, do not go against nature. If you go against nature, nature will take revenge. Who said this? This was something. Thank you. Yes, and for this we need Tyāga. Tyāga means renunciation. In Rāja Yoga, Yama Niyama, which is given by Maharṣi Patañjali in the Patañjali Yoga Sūtra, Patañjali is modifying yoga into four different parts: Bhakti, Karma, Rāja, and Jñāna Yoga, and giving the principles to the yogīs. First he speaks about tolerance and Anuśāsana, discipline. Then he speaks about controlling the thoughts, especially those thoughts which are against others. Śubhaṁ karoti kalyāṇam ārogyaṁ dhanasaṁpada, śatrubuddhi vināśāya dīpa jyotir namostute. Śubhaṁ karoti kalyāṇam. Lord, bless us with happiness, with goodness, and liberate us. Satru Budhi Vināśaya. And please destroy the enemy thoughts, negative thoughts from my brain or my citta vṛttis, as well as the citta vṛttis of others. In the world, there should be no negative thoughts. Give me such a thought, my Lord, that I always think positively about others, or I think for the benefit of others, not for my own benefit. Everyone is working for their own benefit. Everyone is thinking for their own benefit. But rare saints, holy saints are they who think for the benefit of others. So, the Nīti. Nīti is a philosophy, a part of Indian philosophy. Nīti means politics. We call it in our language now Rāj Nīti. Nīti was created, politics was created by holy saints. Nīti means the well-being of all. Then they gave it to someone who was a little more capable, saying, "You take this and look after the people." So every politician, no matter from which country, is thinking, or they should think, for their people, for their country, and for the world: the well-being of my people, the well-being of my country, the well-being of my planet, and the well-being of all my brothers and sisters on this planet. Like Mahatma Gandhi was thinking. Mahatma Gandhi put his actions into practice. He put his thoughts into practice. If we put our thoughts into practice, I do not know how the world will look, because we think differently, speak differently, and act differently. How many? Three. And three cannot come together. Always, one remains single. So, which side do you unite? Here, or here, or here? Always, these three. Therefore, it is said, when you have to go somewhere for very important work, do not go three together. Otherwise, there will always be something; one problem will always be there. So go always four or five or one, but not three. This I will tell you after. It is a very important thing, Śvara Yoga and the nature, indication of the nature. Satru Budhi Vināśāya. Therefore, O Lord, give me such thoughts that I think for the benefit of others: for the sake of all mankind, for the sake of all creatures and the environment. I am sure that every politician in your country thinks for the well-being of your country, definitely. But sometimes there is a problem. When I think of your well-being, now definitely someone is jealous. Definitely, someone will try to disturb you. That is it. Someone will try to disturb you, to attack me, attack my words, attack my teachings. What can we do so that you get disappointed, you are confused, and you become angry with me? Yes, there are the elements, there are the words which can create a difference among us. Therefore, it is very important that our thoughts are positive, our thoughts are clear, and we know what we want. Between us two, the third should not come. That is it. There is a story in the Mahābhārata. The Pāṇḍavas were running away because Duryodhana and his men were behind them to kill them. They were hiding somewhere in the forest. Duryodhana did not know where, so he was asking, "Where could the Pāṇḍavas be for so many years?" Someone said, "The Pāṇḍavas will be there where all four seasons are very balanced." On the right time, rain; right time, flowers, fruits—everything there is perfect because the Pāṇḍavas were great holy souls, such pure persons; where such a pure soul is, everything is balanced. So Duryodhana went to search for the Pāṇḍavas, and he got the message where they were. He took some friends and went there to kill them. But on the way, Duryodhana was caught by tribes from the mountains, jungly people. They caught him and came to know that he wanted to kill such nice people like the Pāṇḍavas. They then wanted to kill Duryodhana. They tied his hands and put him in prison. The message went to Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira. Yudhiṣṭhira called Bhīma and Arjuna: "Brothers, go and save the life of our brother Duryodhana." Bhīma and Arjuna said, "What did you say, our dear brother? What? He is coming to kill us, and still you are thinking so nicely, so positively about him, and you want to save him. Why? Because he can kill us then?" Yudhiṣṭhira said, "No, Bhīma, no Arjuna. It is not that he should kill us or not. He is our brother. The fight is between us, him, and me. If the third comes between, we will not allow it. That is it." And so, if the third element comes between you and me, which disrupts you, then you are lost. This is a problem in the whole world. This is a political problem. When a third element enters between two countries and begins to destroy their economy, tries to destroy many things, then this nation is damaged. If we all think positively and good for others, our planet will look completely different. And here again, Gandhijī said—I quote Gandhijī—"Mother Nature has enough for everyone’s need, but not for their greed." End of the quote. Yes, human greed is limitless. Therefore, until humans create that bhakti, love, and equal feelings toward every different god or religion, there cannot be peace and harmony in the world. I appeal to all spiritual leaders because the internet is going around the world, and how many thousands of people may be looking—who, in my opinion (not in my opinion)—the same religion, different religion. We should think over if our trying is to bring peace or not. Neither does that God want this—which God you believe, my dear, or not. That God which I believe wants such access in the world. We are all children of God, and let us have free decisions and meditate. It does not matter through which path we will go; we will come to the same God, whichever God you believe in. We are all on the way to that God in which you believe. Therefore, we should give freedom to all. Awake the devotion, the bhakti. The level of the consciousness is called Śabda Bhūmikā. Śabda Bhūmikā means the seven different levels of consciousness. When you achieve these seven levels, the final level is called Turīyā, Turīyātīta. Above these three levels of consciousness means your consciousness has awakened or united with the past, present, and future. There is nothing more. Or is there somewhere more? Perhaps left and right, above and below? All is in the same Turīya. Before that, if we want to achieve this level of consciousness, we have to go through Bhakti Yoga. Bhakti means love. Without love, this world will look like a dry moon. Without love, this planet will look like a march where there is nothing. Our planet is called the living planet. Our planet has life. We are very proud and happy with our planet. Our planet has love, but where there is love, there is also hate. And where there is hate, there is a fight. And where there is a fight, everyone loses their right. Therefore, no fight. That is the best way. Love. Without love, this planet will look horrible. In the battlefield, thousands of soldiers were killed. That battlefield you see was a field of hate, not of love. Look within your heart. If you have love, then it is beautiful. Everything is very beautiful, and you are very happy. But if hate, ignorance enters your mind, your intellect, then your heart becomes that battlefield which is completely wounded and bleeding and painful love. This planet is surviving because of love. And still, there is so much love. Though we humans make so many mistakes every day, Mother Nature still forgives us. You cannot imagine how much forgiveness our merciful God has on this planet. What we are doing with animals, God still forgives us. So our planet is full of love. If we want to help our planet, there is only one remedy, and that remedy is called love. Mirabai said—a great holy saint, Mira, she was a princess of Rajasthan, married into the royal family near Chittor. She became a great holy saint. She is describing her condition, her psychic condition, because she was longing for God, for the love of God. Day by day, her body became pale. No doctor could understand, no Vaidya, no Āyurvedic doctor could understand. They were reading her pearls, you know, Nāḍī Veda, Vāta and Pitta, without Māta. Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha, because there is no Mantra Japa. If you have Mantra Japa, your Kapha will be okay. You have Pita because there is no Mata. So Ved Hakim Koi Nahi Jaane. No one knows my pain, neither Vedya, even the justice does not know, the lawyer does not know, many do not know my pain, only God knows. And there is only one remedy that will help me to become healthy. There is no remedy in this entire universe, only one. If Kṛṣṇa himself comes as a doctor, as a Vidyā, where he himself will come, without giving any medicine, I will be again healthy. Like rain comes for the dry, burning, thirsty field. Crops are burning, there is no water. Crops do not need anything. Crops do not need water, only rain. What is the difference between water and rain? He is different and no different. So Mirabai said, "Only Krishna comes as a vaidya, as a doctor, I will be immediately healthy." And what does that mean? The love. Love. Part 2: The Essence of Love and Devotion When the person you love comes to you, your inner condition is so beautiful; your healthy cells multiply. When you see your beloved approaching, your inner self says, "I have no wings, otherwise I could fly and go there." That is love. And when there is hate, a fire burns inside, and all the healthy cells in the body are put into that fire. Jealousy, hate, conflict—what not? The devil sits inside, happy and smiling. "I am victorious. I am jealousy. I am greed. Feed me with your love. I am greed. Give me your love, so your love is finished." That’s it. So those who are victims of these devils get doubt, get negative thoughts, and begin to destroy that beautiful relationship. The beautiful palace constructed within the heart is destroyed. The bomb explodes—the bomb of hate, jealousy, conflict, greediness, no bhakti. Therefore, it is said in a beautiful bhajan by the holy saint Kabīr Dās: "O Lord, please give me something. Give me the blessing of bhakti, devotion. O my Gurudev, give me devotion so that again and again, if I am born, I will not be separated from you by this devotion." No yoga sādhanā, no yoga practice can be successful without devotion. The aim of this life is not only to have good, big muscles. The aim is not to have such a big stomach—I still have too little, but it can be bigger. Or the aim is not to be here so thin. Someone told me that your waist should be like your head. So I was trying my head, like here and here. And then I asked, "What about the hips?" We will talk about that after. So, it doesn’t matter how my body is; still, I can’t keep this body forever. It will become old, or it will have an accident, or it will be ill. Definitely, one day we will die. What is the use of your bodybuilding, and this and that, and your money? Nothing. What will go with you is your spiritual energy, your kindness, your humbleness, your love to all—love all, understand all, devotion. Love is life, and life is love. Without love, we cannot imagine this life. Not one day will you survive without love. You need love for sleeping? Without love, you can’t sleep. Eating? Breathing is a love, in and out breathing. How must we love? Oh, my God. If someone holds our mouth, we fight against it. "Please let my breath come. My breath is my love." That’s it. So our life is a breath. Breath is life. Our nourishment is life. Life is nourishment. Environment. Everything is love. And that we wish for all. That’s it. If I would like to live in love, then I should give love first. And that love will reflect to me. But if you try to take that love away, then I limit that love. And limited love will not last very long. It’s like this water cup. Water is there. Yes, it’s a water bottle. In this cup there was full water, and now it’s half. And when I drink half out again, there’s nothing. But from where did this water come? From one endless ocean. And if I dare drink and drink, there will be no end. So when our love is limited, limited love means it has a boundary. It has a border, a limitation, then it is finished. Hari Om, you are without love. So, we need to develop universal love, what we call it. And that universal love will never end, never. Even if you die, for you we will cry, because we love you. And that love will again bring us somewhere together, like magnet and iron. So even if we die, our love will never die. Same love we will have everywhere, throughout the whole planet. Wherever you come, either with your physical body, or with your astral body, subtle body, or any kind of body, it doesn’t matter which body, everybody, nobody will be out of it. That’s it. That is love. So, as much as you awaken your love for others, you are happy, first of all. Now, what do I say about love? It means not that you go and everybody hugs, "Hi, I love you. Hi, I love you." But a person like me will be very proud. I say, "Oh, you love me." But someone will say, "Hey, hey, crazy." What are you doing? Are you crazy? No. Love doesn’t need demonstration. It is said: "Prem Supaya Na Supe, Prem Kare Prakāś, Ḍabi Ḍubi Rahe Nahi, Kastūrī Kī Vās." Prem Supaya Na Supe, Prem Kare Prakāś: Love you cannot hide, love makes light. Ḍabi Ḍubi Nahi Rahe: You can hide as much as you like in a suitcase, in the cloth, Kastūrī kī vās. The Kastūrī, the, what you call, they call the Kastūrī. What is Kastūrī? Musk is Patañjali, Patañjali, the smell of the Patañjali, oh, it goes everywhere. You cannot hide Kasturi. A real Kasturi is so wonderfully smelling. Kasturi is a beautiful name for girls, because only the girls have a beautiful radiance and aroma. I don’t know what they call here, "Chik Chik" here and "Chik Chik" there. So, those girls who would like to have a spiritual name, just now, adopt for yourselves the spiritual name Kastūrī. Siddhi. Okay? Very good. You see how we can research the name. So love doesn’t need demonstration. Love, you can just feel it. When you come to your plants and flowers with some water, immediately you will see how they are happy. And if you come like a barber to save something, the flowers are making like this. Vavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavavava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